Genome Organization Drives Chromosome Fragility Cell Biology Diagrams Fidelity in chromosome duplication and segregation is indispensable for maintaining genomic stability and the perpetuation of life. Challenges to genome integrity jeopardize cell survival and are at the root of different types of pathologies, such as cancer. The following three main sources of genom … Mitosis results in the splitting of replicated chromosomes during cell division and facilitates the generation of two new identical daughter cells. Given that chromosomes form from parent chromosomes by making exact copies of their DNA, mitosis helps in preserving and maintaining the genetic stability of a particular population. Mechanisms of genome stability maintenance during cell division DNA Repair (Amst). 2021 Dec:108:103215. doi: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103215. with processes such as DNA replication and transcription in interphase are not expected to pose a major threat to genome stability in mitosis. There are, however, a few exceptions.
Since chromatin is compacted and DNA metabolic events such as transcription largely cease in mitosis [2], a significant proportion of DNA lesions that would strongly interfere with DNA-dependent metabolic events such as transcription and replication during interphase probably have little adverse consequences for the dividing cell.However, there are two categories of aberrant DNA structures
Epigenetic mechanisms and genome stability Biology Diagrams
Epigenetics and genomic stability. Originally, DNA methylation may have been evolutionarily acquired to defend against genomic disruption by parasitic insertional element translocations in eukaryotic genomes, an idea that has become widely supported (Robertson and Wolffe 2000; Slotkin and Martienssen 2007; Yoder et al. 1997).
Mitotic slippage is a cellular process that significantly influences genome stability. It occurs when cells exit mitosis without proper chromosome segregation due to prolonged activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint, leading to polyploidy or aneuploidy—conditions associated with diseases like cancer. Genetic Stability and Fidelity. The culmination of DNA replication and mitosis is a testament to the cell's commitment to preserving genetic stability. This stability is not merely a byproduct of these processes but a central objective, ensuring that each daughter cell inherits a complete and accurate set of chromosomes.
Mechanisms of genome stability maintenance during cell division Biology Diagrams
Overview of the molecular mechanisms controlling cell cycle progression and genome stability. The basic alternation between interphase (orange) and mitosis (blue) is governed by the interplay between Cyclin B-dependent kinase-1 (CycB:Cdk1) and B55-dependent protein phosphatase 2A (B55:PP2A).
Direct demonstration of the importance of surveillance pathways in the maintenance of genome stability (Hanahan and strand break repair, and telomeres: a view from the end: how telomeres and the DNA damage response cooperate during mitosis to maintain genome stability. Bioessays 36, 1054-1061. 10.1002/bies.201400104 [PMC free
